A full‐color eyewear display using planar waveguides with reflection volume holograms

Abstract— A full‐color eyewear display with over 85% see‐through transmittance with a 16° horizontal field of view was developed. Very low color crosstalk, less than 0.008 Δu′v′ uniformity, and 120% NTSC color gamut were achieved. Waveguides with two in‐ and out‐coupling reflection volume hologram elements enabled a simple configuration that has an optical engine beside the user's temples. The reflection volume hologram elements used on the waveguides realized a small thickness of 1.4 mm for each waveguide, and an out‐coupling reflection volume hologram used as an optical combiner contributed a high see‐through transmittance of 85% due to its wavelength selectivity. However, there are technical challenges in achieving a reasonable screen size and quality color images with optics that utilize holographic waveguides because holograms have large chromatic dispersions compared to conventional optical elements such as lenses and mirrors. Approaches to overcome these issues are described.     

Broadcasting scheme with low client buffers and bandwidths for video-on-demand applications

Efficient data broadcasting is independent of request arrivals, and is thus highly promising when transmitting popular videos. A conventionally adopted broadcasting method is periodic broadcasting, which divides a popular video into segments, which are then simultaneously broadcast on different data channels. Once clients want to watch the video, they download the segments from these channels. The skyscraper broadcasting (SkB) scheme supports clients with small bandwidths. An SkB client requires only two-channel bandwidths to receive video segments. This work proposes a reverse SkB (RSkB) scheme, which extends SkB by reducing buffering spaces. The RSkB is mathematically shown to achieve on-time video delivery and two-channel client bandwidths. A formula for determining the maximum number of segments buffered by an RSkB client is presented. Finally, an analysis of RSkB reveals that its client buffer requirements are usually 25–37% lower than SkB. Extensive simulations of RSkB further demonstrate that RSkB yields lower client buffer demand than other proposed systems.

Optimization of dynamic response using a monolithic-time formulation

The design of systems for dynamic response may involve constraints that need to be satisfied over an entire time interval or objective functions evaluated over the interval. Efficiently performing the constrained optimization is challenging, since the typical response is implicitly linked to the design variables through a numerical integration of the governing differential equations. Evaluating constraints is costly, as is the determination of sensitivities to variations in the design variables. In this paper, we investigate the application of a temporal spectral element method to the optimization of transient and time-periodic responses of fundamental engineering systems. Through the spectral discretization, the response is computed globally, thereby enabling a more explicit connection between the response and design variables and facilitating the efficient computation of response sensitivities. Furthermore, the response is captured in a higher order manner to increase analysis accuracy. Two applications of the coupling of dynamic response optimization with the temporal spectral element method are demonstrated. The first application, a one-degree-of-freedom, linear, impact absorber, is selected from the auto industry, and tests the ability of the method to treat transient constraints over a large-time interval. The second application, a related mass-spring-damper system, shows how the method can be used to obtain work and amplitude optimal time-periodic control force subject to constraints over a periodic time interval. This research was performed while the first author held a National Research Council Research Associateship Award at the Air Force Research Laboratory. An early version of this paper was presented at the 46th AIAA Aerospace Sciences Meeting and Exhibit, Jan 7–10, 2008, Reno, Nevada.     

970 nm超辐射发光二极管弯曲脊形波导数值分析

本文基于光束传播法(beam propagation method, BPM)和时域有限差分法(finite difference time domain method, FDTD)建立了分析模型,模拟并分析了弯曲脊形波导超辐射发光二极管(superluminescent light emitting diode, SLD)不同结构参数(刻蚀深度、曲率半径、脊形宽度)对波导损耗的影响和倾斜脊形波导不同结构参数(刻蚀深度、脊形宽度、倾斜角度、发射波长)对模式反射率的影响。计算表明,弯曲脊形波导的刻蚀深度和曲率半径是影响波导损耗的重要因素。刻蚀深度较浅使波导对光场的限制作用较弱,过小的曲率半径会使模式传输泄露严重,损耗大大增加。脊形宽度越大,波导损耗越小,其对波导损耗影响较小。脊形波导的端面倾斜角度是抑制模式反射率的重要因素,脊形宽度增加,模式反射率逐渐减小,并在特定的几个角度形成的奇点达到最小值。刻蚀深度对于模式反射率的影响作用较小,但随着刻蚀深度的增加,奇点发生的角度产生了向小角度偏移。在特定的倾斜角度范围内,随着波长减小,奇点的数目会逐渐增加。研究结果可对设计具有优越性能的SLD器件...     

低耗低剖面单层波导阵列天线研究

新型单层波导阵列天线具有低耗、低剖面、结构紧凑、实用性强等诸多优点, 在毫米波甚至太赫兹无线通信领域具有巨大应用潜力, 是当前的研究热点。 文章首先介绍了用于构建波导阵列天线的几类波导馈电网络的特点, 指出E 面波导馈电网络在毫米波应用领域的优势,接着针对E 面波导在单层并馈波导阵列天线和Butler矩阵多波束阵列天线方面的研究展开叙述,最后给出了可应用在单层波导阵列天线中的开口波导辐射单元在实现多频和圆极化等不同功能上的最新研究进展。 文章对于低耗低剖面单层波导阵列天线的发展及其应用具有参考价值。     

数字示波器宽带探头系统的校准研究

微波射频芯片进行时域测量时,数字示波器的宽带探头是测试芯片的一个关键子系统,为准确测量芯片,必须要清楚示 波器探头系统的传输性能。 为此,设计了一种包含接地共面波导的数字示波器宽带探头校准系统,依据校准系统的信号传输特 性,用反卷积求出数字示波器宽带探头系统的频率响应,并计算其带宽,以实现对该探头系统的校准。 之后用该方法对 Keysight Infiniimax 高频差分有源探头系统进行了校准,得到其带宽数值约为 12 GHz 与标称带宽 12 GHz 相符,表明设计的校准系统合 理可行。     

基于双 AWG 的新型 FBG 连续解调方法研究

为了实现基于阵列波导光栅(arrayed waveguide grating, AWG)的光纤布拉格光栅(fiber Bragg gratin, FBG)的连续解调, 提出了一种使用两个 AWG 联合解调的方法。 在一个 AWG 相邻两通道光谱中间插入另一个 AWG 对应通道的光谱,组成最小 的光谱周期;每次测量均从三通道中选择光强度最强的两个通道,利用相对光强解调算法,根据其波长—功率关系对 FBG 中心 波长进行精确测量。 使用两个 100 GHz 的 AWG 搭建了实验平台,并对温度传感器的解调进行研究。 实验表明,在 0. 8 nm 的系 统最小动态范围周期内,实现了对 FBG 的连续精确解调,系统的解调线性度达 0. 999 1,波长精度达±4 pm。 对数据和实验结果 进行数学分析,可以将 C 波段范围分成多个波长周期,系统可以实现在 C 波段 40 nm 全周期范围内对单个 FBG 的连续解调。 该方法不但可以实现在 C 波段范围内基于 AWG 对 FBG 的连续解调,使得运用 FBG 可以连续感测外界物理量变化,提高了系 统的实用性。 而且,该方法能够准确解调出波长信息,为实现对 FBG 的连续精确解调提供了借鉴信息,有利于进一步扩大 FBG 的应用领域。     

一种高功率微波有源相控阵天线单元设计

根据工程需要,本文提出了一种新型高功率微波有源相控阵天线单元,通过改造同轴波导变换器结构提升了功率容量和驻波特性,在同轴探针与阶梯波导之间引入方形金属块实现阻抗匹配,在波导末端添加过渡腔和匹配槽结构,并在喇叭段加入了单脊结构改变了波导阻抗,单脊伸出口径面降低了反射系数,进一步提升了功率容量。在X波段内VSWR小于2,带宽提升为1.25GHz,功率容量为33.24kW,比常规同轴波导变换器下喇叭天线功率容量提升了230％,7×7相控阵阵面可以实现1.62MW的发射功率,具备高功率微波发射能力。阵列可实现±30°圆锥扫描,满足高功率宽角度扫描的需求。     

低损耗高集成度氮化硅阵列波导光栅波分(解)复用器

氮化硅平台阵列波导光栅(AWG)波分(解)复用器具有损耗低、集成度高、温度敏感性低等优势。基于联合微电子中心有限责任公司(CUMEC)的氮化硅集成光子工艺平台,从波导传输损耗、阵列波导与平板波导模式转换损耗、截断损耗、泄漏损耗等方面对氮化硅基AWG波光(解)复用器插入损耗进行了优化,并采用标准CMOS工艺完成低损耗C波段AWG密集波分(解)复用器制备。该氮化硅基AWG密集波分(解)复用器输出通道数为16,输出通道频率间隔200 GHz。测试结果表明,该AWG波分(解)复用器的平均插入损耗为2.34 dB,1 dB带宽为0.44 nm,3 dB带宽为0.76 nm,串扰约为-28 dB。芯片尺寸为850μm×1700μm,较平面光波导(PLC)基AWG大大减小。     

基于铌酸锂薄膜的Y波导集成调制器设计

近年来,基于薄膜铌酸锂（TFLN）平台的高性能电光调制器以其小体积、低能量损耗等特点受到广泛关注。本文提出了一种新的具有垂直电极结构的Y波导铌酸锂薄膜电光调制器。研究了调制器的半波电压与缓冲层厚度之间的关系,优化了Y波导的设计参数,最后设计得到插入损耗<5 dB, 半波电压<1.5 V的高性能调制器。本文不仅为基于TFLN平台的小型化波导的设计和实现提供了思路,而且为制造高性能和多功能的电光调制器提供了实验依据。